Factors and Countermeasures Affecting the Safety of Transport and Packing of Dangerous Goods

The so-called dangerous goods, which are characterized by explosion, flammability, poisoning, corrosion, and radioactivity, are likely to cause personal injury or death and damage to property and require special protection during transport, loading, and storage. And what we usually refer to as dangerous goods generally refers to chemical dangerous goods.

With the rapid economic development, people's demand for various types of substances has increased, and more and more chemicals have entered the production and distribution areas. This places higher demands on the packaging, management, storage, and transportation of hazardous chemicals. However, in fact, due to improper management measures, unstandardized and unreasonable packaging, and chaotic transportation markets, the security situation has deteriorated, causing serious economic losses to the country and the people. For Example, on February 22, 2001, Zhang Bin, a driver of a company in Linyi City, Shandong Province, delivered goods from Linyi to Qingdao, and a car with an approved load of 10 tons was loaded with 48 tons of goods. The vehicle failed to brake in Jiaozhou, Qingdao. The crash of the crash caused 1 death, 4 injured and 4 cars crashed. The loss and compensation amounted to more than 400,000 yuan. In late June 2003, a company in Qingtongxia City, Ningxia, loaded 48 tons of cars with a 12-ton capacity. The calcium carbide, soon after its delivery, was covered with rain due to rain cover, resulting in the burning of calcium carbide, causing the vehicle to be scrapped and all the loss of calcium carbide. In August 2003, an enterprise in Inner Mongolia transported vehicles with tons of ton, near Xinghe (near Jining). ) In the event of an accident, 7 people died and more than a dozen cars were scrapped. In 2000, a certain company in Inner Mongolia sent a batch of sodium sulfide from a station in Ningxia (Zhongwei Station) to Guangdong, causing serious economic problems due to aging, damage, and leakage. Loss and environmental pollution, and cause economic disputes between the supply and demand sides. In the early hours of September 25, 2003, a dangerous cargo transport vehicle loaded with 10 tons of phosphorus trichloride in Nanjing was overturned in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province, resulting in the leakage of toxic gas, which caused 5737 people to be evacuated in an emergency.

There are many similar cases, the lessons are painful, but also gave us a wake-up call.

Cause Analysis
1, traffic management is not perfect, the system is not perfect

In recent years, as the amount of transport of chemical dangerous goods has increased year by year, the number of road chemical dangerous goods transport operators, transport vehicles and employees has also increased year by year. By the end of 2000, there were 35,227 households engaged in road chemical dangerous goods transport, 81,854 chemical dangerous goods transport vehicles, and 164,215 employees. However, due to the large number and small scale of business households engaged in transportation of road chemical dangerous goods, transportation vehicles and facilities and equipment are old, coupled with the chaotic safety production management of some chemical dangerous goods transport operators, insufficient safety production inputs, and poor production and operation conditions. As a result, there is a large potential for safety hazards in the production of road chemical dangerous goods. In the event of a transport accident, the 06-transportation enterprise (shipper) is pursuing the maximum profit and serious violation of the overload. For example, serious super-ton transport exists in the above three cases. problem. However, the current road management departments only deal with such problems in accordance with the standard load of trucks and vehicles, and do not charge according to the actual load. This makes some people think that they can take advantage of it. Overloading not only damages the subgrade, but also takes care of life and property. In the event of an accident in dangerous goods, pollution will be subverted, and vehicles will be destroyed. However, even if the road management department detected the problem of serious over-ton transportation, it only used fines to scribble and did not fundamentally resolve the security risks.

2, the packaging is not standardized, management measures are not in place

With the rapid development of modern industry, the classification of dangerous chemicals is getting more and more detailed. The understanding of their chemical properties and physical properties requires constant experimentation, accumulation, and summary. At the same time, the packaging methods and storage and transportation equipment are also required to be continuously improved. Regulations for the classification and packaging of hazardous chemical packaging in the "Rules for the Transport of Dangerous Goods from Railways", "Regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods in the Packaging of Waterways", "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals" and "Compilation of National Standards for Packaging Packages" and other regulations Packaging regulations for transportation and storage of packaging and packaging testing methods and inspection rules have been stipulated. However, in order to save on packaging costs or transportation costs, some companies often report on and report missing dangerous chemical products, and cut corners and shoddy their packaging. Some of the enterprises engaging in the production of dangerous chemicals packagings and containers have no production license, the packaging experiments and inspection procedures are simple, the quality supervision is not standardized, the production equipment and technology are backward, and the products are directly used for highway transportation of dangerous goods.

3, insurance company claims management confusion

After the accident, the insurance company played a crucial role in the protection of the lost party and compensation for economic benefits. However, in the case where the insurance company analyzed the cause of the accident, it did not grasp the main problem, and it was insufficient for the key objective evidence such as vehicle overload, damage to the tarpaulin, and so on, so that the company received all claims of the insurance company. This has made certain companies have a chance of fortunes. Since the loss of goods can be compensated accordingly, the actual losses caused to them are not great, and no rigorous working attitude has been formed and no preventive measures have been taken. As a result, the accidents caused many accidents and caused many serious adverse effects.

4, the carrier management does not match

In dealing with railway and waterway cargo transportation, there are special measures for the management of dangerous goods. The current "Rules for the Transport of Dangerous Goods from Railways" and "The Rules for the Transport of Dangerous Goods Wrapped in Waterways" all require requirements for the packaging, storage and transportation of dangerous goods. Dangerous goods Due to high transportation requirements, the freight rate is also higher than ordinary cargo. When consigning dangerous goods, it was true that some shippers or escort agents had consigned dangerous cargo as ordinary cargo to save freight. Once the inspection department is in the inspection process, carelessness and carelessness will cause great security risks.

Corresponding measures

    At present, all walks of life are promoting safe production. Security is not an end; security is an important means. How to achieve the safety of dangerous goods transport, I believe that should be concerned from the following aspects:

1. Strengthen the work management supervision mechanism

In accordance with the requirements of the National Working Conference on Rectification and Xiong Market Economic Order, the National Conference on Safe Production Video Calls and Conferences, and the Provisions of the State Council on Investigating the Administrative Liability for Extraordinary Major Accidents, combined with the rectification of passenger and cargo transportation orders by Wang Zuo, concentrating on road chemistry. Dangerous goods are transported for special rectification. The competent department in charge of transportation is mainly responsible for the verification of qualifications, transportation vehicles, and technical conditions of facilities and equipment for chemical dangerous goods transport companies; the public security department is mainly responsible for the fire inspection of flammable and explosive chemical dangerous goods storage facilities, and makes good road transportation of dangerous goods. The handling of accidents; the quality supervision and inspection department is responsible for the inspection of pressure vessels and issuing inspection certificates.

Enterprises engaged in the transport of road chemical dangerous goods are strictly prohibited from carrying flammable and explosive chemical dangerous goods without public security agencies issuing permits. At the same time, strengthen the guidance and supervision of the classification of flammable and explosive chemical dangerous goods, division of labor storage, and fire safety management, and avoid mass intensive chemical dangerous goods, radioactive articles and flammable and explosive dangerous goods. Land, and there is a special car escort, do a good job in advance. At the beginning of 2003, some provinces and cities in East China carried out joint operations activities in transportation, public security, and security departments. Joint notifications and local unloading measures were adopted for transport vehicles exceeding the limit, over-tons, and dangerous goods in particular. The results were significant and worthy of reference.

2. Strengthen the standardized operation of packaging enterprises
In order to do a good job in the legalization and standardization of the production of hazardous chemical packaging and container products, it is in accordance with Decree No. 19 of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the "Measures for the Administration of Production Licenses for Industrial Products" and Decree No. 344 of the State Council for the Regulations on the Safety Management of Dangerous Chemicals. The regulations stipulate that China introduced in March 2003 (Implementing Rules for the Production of Dangerous Chemicals and Containers), the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, and the Quality and Technical Supervision Bureaus of various provinces, which are engaged in the manufacture of hazardous chemicals packaging and container products. Supervision and management were carried out, and the review of production conditions and product quality inspection reports of the company was strengthened to ensure good technical quality, thereby standardizing the production management of packaging companies and playing an important role in connecting the dangerous crystal packaging market with international standards.

3, insurance companies play a good role in claims
Because of the great risks involved in the transport of dangerous goods, the owner of the insurance company hopes that the insurance company can be compensated for reasonable losses. This not only symbolizes the strengthening of people’s awareness of rights protection, but also symbolizes the maturity and standardization of the transportation market. The claims of the insurance company should be conducted on the basis of fairness, reasonableness, and objectiveness. They must be detailed, objective, and scientific in the process of fact investigation and obtaining evidence. The correct treatment of the claims should not be a reasonable explanation of claims, and should be fully utilized. The role of insurance company. In this way, it is conducive to correcting the attitude of owners of dangerous goods transportation, strengthening safety awareness and preventing problems before they occur.

4. Shipments and declarations of dangerous goods should be treated in a realistic manner When transporting dangerous goods such as railways and waterways, if an accident is reported or missed, it will seriously affect the correctness of the measures taken, and it will expand the scope of danger. Listed in the "Danger Regulations" list may not always be dangerous goods. If there is no specific list in the "Dangerous Regulations" list, it cannot be said that it is not a dangerous goods. In particular, with the continuous development of science and technology in the world today, new products have mushroomed and many new dangerous goods are increasing. Therefore, any substance that does have hazardous characteristics, despite being not listed in the "Dangerous Regulations," should be declared as dangerous goods in a realistic and realistic manner at the time of shipment to facilitate transportation safety.

In short, the transportation of dangerous goods involves multiple departments. Only the normal management and coordination among various departments can prevent the occurrence of dangerous accidents to the maximum extent and protect the safety of the country and people's lives and property.