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Space suits are the astronaut's genuine packaging - protecting lives, facilitating "storage" and facilitating work. There are two kinds of space suits: the use of pressurized clothing in the warehouse (pressure service) and the use of space services outside the warehouse. Pressure clothing is mainly used for lifesaving. When the cockpit is damaged and the pressure suddenly drops, it can ensure that the human body enjoys the earth's atmospheric pressure (101Kpa), so that people will not be killed due to vacuum decompression causing the blood to boil, and at the same time, the makeup is supplied to the oxygen supply system. Astronauts wear it on the spacecraft when it is launched and approached, and take off when it enters the orbit.
Another kind of packaging used in space - what about food packaging? We know that because of weight loss in space, people consume less in space than on Earth. The general requirements for space packaged foods are: high nutritional value, reasonable collocation, small size, light weight, and convenient consumption. There are mainly the following types of space packaged foods:
Semi-solid packaged foods. This type of food is packaged in a toothpaste-type metal hose. When it is eaten, it is inserted into a hard plastic tube. The hose is gently pressed by hand and the food can be taken into the mouth. This packaged food is convenient for eating in a weightless environment and the food does not float in the food. In the air, it is very safe and reliable. The types of food are meat, jam, caviar, etc. The nutrient composition is reasonable, and it can be eaten by wearing pressure suits. It is suitable for short-term aerospace;
Canned viscous food. This food is similar to the canned food we eat on the earth. The meat and fish cut into small pieces can be cooked, and the soup is thickened with starch and then filled into a jar to be sterilized and sealed. Its high water content, delicious taste, convenient food, safety and hygiene, no floating, and it is very popular with astronauts;
Dehydrated bagged food. Food cooked, dehydrated by low temperature and pressure into a plastic bag sealed storage, when eating in space with a water injection needle to add water, eat after a few minutes. This kind of food is not easy to eat, and its taste is also relatively poor;
A type of packaged food. It is a convenience food in space under weightlessness. The food is made into round, square, triangular and other shapes on the ground, and will not fall off and float;
Packed drinks. Drinking beverages in space is troublesome. If you drink like you do on the earth, because there is no pressure, the beverage will not flow into your mouth. Generally, drink powders such as fruits or coffee are packed in aluminum-plastic composite bags. When drinking in space, water injection needles are used to inject hot or cold water, and then plastic pipes are used to drink. Ready-made beverages include lemon juice, orange juice, and coconut milk.
There are many kinds of food in space. The main foods include dark bread, chicken noodles, fruit and egg rolls, sausage patties, rice noodles, butter pudding, etc.; meat types are smoked turkey, grilled steak, tuna, ham, etc.; vegetables include green beans, asparagus, Dry cauliflower, braised potatoes, etc.; fruits are bananas, pineapples, oranges, apples, etc., a total of 200 kinds of forests. You can fix the dinner plate on the dining table.
Let's take a look at the astronaut's "dwelling" package. In space flight, a small confined cabin is the home of the astronaut. There are seats, electronic instruments, life-saving equipment, life support system; the outer wall is made of metal materials, with a greenhouse environment that protects against radiation, ensures safety, protects room temperature, and maintains pressure. The closed cabin resembles a closed container with various packaging containers of various sizes.
Oxygen Supply System - Confined Compartment To ensure human life, there is a precise control system to ensure that the atmospheric pressure in the supply chamber is one atmosphere. The supply of oxygen and nitrogen is based on the high-pressure gaseous oxygen and nitrogen stored in the high-pressure titanium alloy bottle, and the oxygen and nitrogen stored at low temperature. The third method is the chemical production of oxygen from the alkali metal peroxide.
Water supply system - Water is the source of health and life. In the short-term space travel voyage, the ground clean water is stored in a light metal water tank, and after sealing, a certain amount of nitrogen is injected to form positive pressure to facilitate water discharge. The daily water standard per person is 26.5 kg (including 3.1 kg of drinking water). Domestic water, such as washing sewage and discharging urine, is generally reused after being regenerated. It can be described as “water as expensive as oilâ€;
Purification system - In the “dwelling house†where astronauts live and work together, pollution is unavoidable, mainly metabolic pollution, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methanol, volatile fatty acids, and sulfur in the stomach and intestines. Hydrogen, methyl mercaptan, hydrazine, amines in sweat, phenol, and the like. Among them, carbon dioxide is the most, and the discharge per person per day is 1 kg. Purification method is usually used to absorb and remove lithium hydroxide by can;
Temperature control system - in the sealed compartment, the body's metabolic heat production, instrumentation running heat, external incoming solar energy, airborne heat transferred into the air or return will cause the cabin to heat up, must use the circulating temperature system;
Humidity control - the exhaled gases and sweat from the cabin will increase the water vapor. Desiccant or condensation technology will be used to dehumidify the condensate.
Garbage Packaging - In space flight, the astronauts must also pack the urine. Urine was unidirectionally cut into nylon bags. In flight, urine enters the urine reservoir through the urine tube. Stored urine is treated as domestic water. The stool is sealed by the suction pipe into the toilet. In the state of weightlessness, it is necessary to “sit†on the pail and use the handle to hold the legs.
Sleeping also requires packaging - there is no difference between the shuttle and the shuttle, so there is no "lying down" to sleep. In order to avoid floating in the cabin during sleep, a restraint bag is usually used to fix it on the bulkhead or on the ceiling, and then people go to sleep. Sleeping in space often does not break down. Because the sun will rise once every 90 minutes, the harsh sunlight and burning will be uncomfortable;
Logistics Transportation Packaging - At the International Space Station, astronauts need oxygen, nitrogen and water, food, and other daily necessities that need to be packed and transported from the earth.
The types of packaging on the earth are becoming more and more diverse. From the simple function and decoration of the original to the exquisite multi-functional printing, packaging has become an integral part of the product. While focusing on packaging new technologies and new developments, let’s think about what kind of packaging will be in distant space.
January 31, 2019